传闻证据及其例外 (Hearsay and its Exceptions)
先前的证言 (Former Testimony) - 刑事案件
⚖️ 适用范围 (Scope) CPL 670.10
先前刑事审判或初步听证会的证言
(Prior criminal trial or preliminary hearing)
➔
后续程序中作为证据接收
(Admitted at subsequent proceedings)
⚠️ 更严格的不可获得性标准 (Strict Unavailability Standards)
🏥
1. 死亡、疾病或丧失能力
因死亡、疾病或丧失能力无法出庭
(Unable to attend by reason of death, illness or incapacity)
🔍
2. 无法找到
经过 尽职调查 (Due diligence) 仍无法找到该证人
(Cannot with due diligence be found)
🏛️
3. 州外或联邦羁押
证人在州外或被联邦羁押，且经过 尽职调查 (Due diligence) 仍无法带到法庭
(Outside the state or in federal custody)
📌 “后续程序”的定义 (Definition of Subsequent Proceedings)

- 基于当时对被告 未决指控 的刑事诉讼程序的一部分 (Part of a criminal action based upon pending charges)
- 基于该指控挑战定罪的 判决后程序 (Post-judgment proceeding challenging conviction based on that charge)