积极抗辩与一般抗辩 (Affirmative and Ordinary Defenses)

# 中止犯罪与胁迫 (Renunciation and Duress)

## 中止犯罪 (Renunciation - Penal Law § 40.10)

### 适用情形 (Applicability)

共犯 (Accessorial conduct)
未遂罪 (Attempt)
教唆 (Solicitation)
共谋 (Conspiracy)

### 核心要求 (Core Requirement)

必须 自愿且彻底
(Must be voluntary and complete)

### 有效性检查清单 (Validity Checklist)

❌
因害怕被抓而放弃
(Motivated by fear of detection or apprehension)
❌
推迟作案或更换目标
(Postponing crime or transferring to another victim/objective)
✅
真正放弃并努力阻止犯罪发生
(Truly abandoning intent and making substantial effort to prevent)

## 胁迫 (Duress - Penal Law § 40.00)

### 核心要件 (Core Elements)

- 面临对本人或第三人即将使用的 非法武力威胁 (Threatened imminent use of unlawful physical force upon defendant or third person)
- 处于相同境遇的 合理坚定之人无法抗拒 该威胁 (A person of reasonable firmness in defendant's situation would be unable to resist)

⚠️ 适用限制 (Limitation)
若被告人 故意 (Intentionally) 或 鲁莽地 (Recklessly) 将自己置于极可能受到胁迫的境地，则 不可使用 该抗辩！ (The defense of duress is not available when a person intentionally or recklessly places himself or herself in a situation in which it is probable that the person will be subjected to duress.)