# ⏱️ 即时感知陈述 (Present Sense Impressions)

传闻证据及其例外 (Hearsay Exceptions)

## 📝 构成要件 (Elements)

- 1. 描述或解释事件/状态 (Describes or explains an event or condition)
- 2. 在感知时或其后立即作出 (Made while perceiving or immediately thereafter)

## ⏳ 时间轴：纽约州允许的“微小时间差”

感知事件
(Perceiving event)
➔
微小时间差
(Marginal time lag)
People v Vasquez
➔
作出陈述
(Statement)
⚠️

## 【纽约州严格要求】必须得到独立证据的印证 (Corroborated by independent proof)

✅
必须支持陈述的实质内容 (Must support the statements' substance and content)
❌
不能仅证明陈述是自发的 (Cannot merely show it was unprompted)
✅
需有证据确保自发性和同时性 (Must assure spontaneity and contemporaneity)
❌
无需同等视角的目击者 (Need not be an equal-opportunity eyewitness)