Chapter 预备犯罪与侵犯人身罪 (Anticipatory Offenses & Crimes Against the Person)

# 重罪谋杀及其肯定性抗辩 (Felony Murder & Affirmative Defense)

## 🚨 什么是重罪谋杀？(Felony Murder)

在实施或企图实施法定特定重罪 (statutorily specified felony) 的过程中，或在立即逃离 (immediate flight) 现场时，导致非参与者死亡。

* 属于二级谋杀 (Second-degree murder) (Penal Law § 125.25 [3])

抢劫 (Robbery) 入室盗窃 (Burglary) 绑架 (Kidnapping) 纵火 (Arson) 强奸 (Rape) 越狱 (Escape)
⚠️ 连带责任 (Strict Liability for Co-felons):
犯罪的所有参与者 (Each participant)，无论是否亲自导致死亡，在此情况下均可被控重罪谋杀。

## 🛡️ 肯定性抗辩 (Affirmative Defense)

非致死参与者 (Non-killer participant) 必须 同时满足以下4个条件：
✓
1. 未参与致死行为 未实施致死行为，也未教唆、请求、命令、恳求、导致或协助其实施。
(Did not commit the homicidal act or in any way solicit, request, command, cause or aid the commission thereof)
AND (并且)
✓
2. 未携带致命武器 未携带致命武器或任何易于致死或重伤的危险器具。
(Was not armed with a deadly weapon, or any instrument/substance readily capable of causing death/serious injury)
AND (并且)
✓
3. 不知同伙携武 无合理理由相信其他任何参与者携带了上述武器或器具。
(Had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant was armed with such a weapon)
AND (并且)
✓
4. 不知同伙意图 无合理理由相信其他参与者意图从事可能导致死亡或重伤的行为。
(Had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant intended to engage in conduct likely to result in death or serious physical injury)